kolYisrael-SYNOPSIS

2008_08_11 - Coming across a table of Rabbis of the Mishna in a Wikipedia entry about R. Yochanan ben Zakkai,
I again envy the students of today:
How fantastic it must be to get all the technical info with a few clicks,
while my "navigation" in that time-period - leave alone the compilation on this page - was difficult beyond imagination...

SYNOPSIS of EVENTS, PERSONALITIES and LITERATURE,
WHICH PLAY A ROLE IN "All Israel are Guarantors for Each Other"
2002_09_21; completed on 2003_06_03

translated into English from both, the synopsis in German and the synopsis in Hebrew.
Names in brackets do not appear in the research like all others, but were added for a better picture.

[I apologize for my inconsistant English transcription of time-periods, events, institutions and names]

No chronology I found in books available at that time did satisfy my needs.
So I composed a chronological synopsis myself, based on a Hebrew "Atlas-carta", which I owned 30 years ago.
To my regret the Hebrew print is so small that no scanning skill nor digital photographing can make it visible.
To be loyal to the message of quoting the Hebrew and German book side by side, I've given up on the German version too.

Some terms for those who have not read my books:
I drew from five ancient libraries:
The Hebrew books contained in the Hebrew Bible - edited around the year 90 of the Christian Era
The mostly Greek Apocalyptic Literature - only partly included in the ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, called "Septuaginta".
The Hebrew Literature of the Qumran Sect, discovered as "The Dead Sea Scrolls" in 1947/8.
The Greek books contained in the Greek New Testament - edited after the year 100 of the Christian Era.
The Jewish traditions, transmitted orally for many centuries, either in Hebrew or in Aramaic,
finally edited as "Mishna", "Tosefta", Gemarah and Midrash-Collections,
"Mishna" and "Gemarah" were finally compiled as
"Palestinian Talmud" and as "Babylonian Talmud".
As to the 500 centuries of Jewish Sages ("Rab" in Babylonia,"Rabbi" in the Land of Israel, now called "Palestine" by the Romans):
One distinguishes between the earlier Tanna'im and the later Amora'im.

As to two important institutions:
While the Sanhedrin - the ancient Jewish equivalent to a modern parliament - does no longer exist,
the Bet-Midrash, the house of studying, is still a central institution of Jewish Learning, and not only for orthodox Jews.
A nice site about a modern Bet-Midrash I found in http://www.ssdsboston.org/main.htm

Empire

Century

World History

Events in the Land of Israel

Personalities

Traditions and Literatur

Library

Egypt

16 BC

13 BC

12 BC

1570 New Egyptian
Kingdom

1290-1223
Pharao
(Ramses II)

1500-1200
Canaan under Egyptian Dominion
Immigration of Hebrew Tribes
from Egypt to Canaan
Gradual Occupation and
Colonalisation of Canaan

1200-1025 Time of the "Judges"
over the tribes of Israel

Abraham?
Isaak? Jakob?
Josef? Juda?

Moses
Aaron

Josua
Achan , Debora
Jiftach, Pinchas
Samuel

traditions of Genesis

traditions of Exodus, Numeri

traditions of "Josua"

events in "Samuel"

The book of
Judges?

H
E
B
R
E
W

B
I
B
L
E

Egypt

Assyria

11 BC

10 BC

9 BC

8 BC

900 New
Assyrian
Kingdom

722-757
Salmaneser V

1025-1006
Towards the formation of a nation
Saul - King 1025-1006
David - King over all Israel 1006-968
968-928 - Salomo

928 Partition of the Kingdom

Northern Kingdom

871-851 Ahab

800-785 (Joash)

785-749 (Jerobe'am)

722 Fall of Samaria,
end of
Northern Kingdom

Southern Kingdom

836-799 Joash

759-726 (Jotam, Ahas)

Abner
Joab,
Absalom
Uria
Natan

Elia

Secharja ben Jehojada

Amos

Hosea

Isaiah

events in the books of "Samuel"

events in the books of "Kings" and "Chronicles"

first writing of
"Genesis",
"Exodus",
"Numeri"?

"Amos"

"Hosea"

"Isaiah 1-39"

"Deutero
nomy"?

H
E
B
R
E
W

B
I
B
L
E

Baby-
lonia

7 BC

6 BC

605 New Babylonian Kingdom
605-562
Nebukadnezar

640-608 (Josia, Reform)
608-597 Jojakim, Rebellion against the Babylonians
597 (Jechonja), First Deportation into Exile
597-587 Zedekia
587 Fall of Jerusalem, end of Southern Kingdom,
called "THE FIRST DESTRUCTION"
Deportation to Babylon

JE-
RE-
MI-
AH

EZE-
CHI-
EL

"His Servant"

events in the books of "Kings" and "Chronicles"

Editing of "Samuel",
"Kings"
and other old books

"Jeremiah"
"Ezechiel"

"Leviticus"?
"Isaiah
40-53"

B
I
B
L
E

Persia
&
Media

5 BC

539 Persian
King (Kyros)
subdues Media
& Babylonia

538 Return of a part of the Exiled
512 Inauguration of the rebuilt temple.
Begin of the Era
of the SECOND TEMPLE
457-445 Esra
445-425 (Nehemiah)

Esra

Tale of "Esther"
Edition of "Chronicles"

"Zecharja",
"Esra",
"Nehemiah"

B
I
B
L
E

Seleu-
cidians

Helle-
nists

4 BC

2 BC

1 BC

333 (Alexander) subdues Persia 348 Death of (Platon)

175-164
Antiochos IV

(Alexander subdues the Land of Israel)

Antiochos limits freedom of Jewish Cult
167-160 UPRISING OF
THE MACCABEANS against
Seleucidian dominion and "Greek" culture
141 (Israel is autonomous for 80 years)
103-76
(Alexander Yannai, King & High Priest)

Founding of the Qumran Sect

Traditions in the Talmud

"Hiob [Job]"?
"Ecclesiastes
(Qohelet)" ?

Apo-
ka-
lyptic

Lite-
ra-
ture

Qum-
ran

Rome

decades of Christian Era

10

20

30

64 End of Seleucidian State:
Syria Roman
Province

14-37 Tiberius

63 (Pompaeus conquers Jerusalem)
37-4 (Herod the Great)

6_41 (Judea -Roman Province)
18/19 Founding of the town Tiberias
26-36 Pilatus -Procurator

Hillel
- 5 Birth of Jesus
+10 Death of Hillel
John, the Baptist
29/30 Jesus' Work & Death

Schools of Hillel and Shammai
lay the foundations
for Law, Religion and Ethics
of the "Oral Teaching"

Apoka-
lyptic

Litera-
ture

Qumran

Roman
Period

---------

By
zan-
tian
Period

40

60

70

90

100

110
120

130

140

160

220

230
240

250

270

280

310

320

330

400

520

69-79
Vespasian

96 End of Flavian Dynasty

Hadrian

138-161 (Antoninus
Pius relaxes restrictions against Jews)

(Origines founds School of Theology in Caesarea)

284-305 (Diokletian," friend" of Jews)

312 Christianity State Religion
c.315-340 Eusebius Bishop of Caesarea
325
( Council of Nicaea, begin
of Anti-Jewish Legislation)

408-451 (Theodosius II, intensification of Anti-Jewish Legislation)

41-70 Judea & Galilee partly under direct,
partly under indirect Roman dominions.
Consolidation of the Messianic Community

66-73 Uprising of the Jewish Nationalists, Zealots,
and War against the Romans
70 Fall of Jerusalem,
called THE SECOND DESTRUCTION
73 Fall of Massada
-----------------------------------------------------------
70 Transferral of Sanhedrin to Yawne,
Renewal of Judaism,
Evolvment of the Bet-Midrash
70-95 TANNAITES : First Generation

c. 96 Installation of the Patriarchy in Yawne
Patriarch: Gamliel II,
temporarily also R. El'asar ben Asaria

95-115 TANNAITES: Second Generation
115-135 TANNAITES: Third Generation

132-135 Revolt of Bar Kokhba,
supported by R. Aqiba
135 The HOLOCAUST of BETAAR
The Land of Israel becomes "Palestine"
Jerusalem becomes "Aelia Capitolina"
Religious Persecutions, Martyrdom

135-160 TANNAITES, 4th Generation
140 (Conference of the Sages
in Usha/Galilee),
renewal of Sanhedrin,
Patriarch & Chairman of Sanhedrin:
R. Shim'on b. Gamliel

160-220
Patriarch & Chairman of Sanhedrin:
RABBI, i.e. R. Yehuda, the President,
first in Bet-shea'rim, then in Zippori

220 Separation between Sanhedrin & Patriarchate
Chairman of Sanhedrin: R. Chanina

220-250 Amora'im: first generation

250_279 Amora'im: Second Generation
Patriarch: R. Yehuda Nesi'a

279 Death of R. Yochanan and R. El'asar
Transferral of the Spiritual Center to Tiberias

280 Chairmen of Sanhedrin:
R. Assi and R. Ammi
who came from Babylonia
Patrarch: Gamliel V

280-320 Amora'im , Third Generation
R. Abbahu in Caesarea
pioneer fighter against the hostility of Christians

320-360 Amora'im, Fourth Generation

351/2 Uprising in Galilee against the East-Roman Emperor (Gallus)

360-400 Amora'im, fifth Generation

c. 425 cancellation of the
Jewish Patriarchate in Palestine

Spiritual Center continues in Tiberias

Petrus
Stephanus
R. Gamliel I
Paulus
Chananja, Prefect of Priests

Chananja ben Chiskia
R. Zadoq
Josephus Flavius

R. Yochanan ben Zakkai

R. Jehoshua
& R. Elieser

Shim'on ben Asai
R. Tarfon
R. El'asar of Modi'in
R. Yishma'el
R. Aqiba
R. Yehuda
Rashbi (R. Shim'on ben Yokhai)

R. Aqiba's Martyrdom
R. Meir and Bruryah
R. Yehoshua b. Karkha

R. Shim'on b.Gamliel

R. Chiya from Babylonia

RABBI

Palestine

R. Chanina

R. Yehoshua b. Levi

R. El'asar
R.Simlai

R. Shmuel bar Nakhman
R. Yokhanan
&
Resh Laqish
R. Sera comes
from Babylonia

R. Simon
R. Chija bar Abba
R. Levi
R. Yizchaq

R. Acha
R. Judan
R. Tanchuma

R. Jose ben Abin

Babylonia

220 RAB returns
to Babylonia,
founds the Bet-Midrash in Sura

247 Rab's death

255 Shmuel's death

Ulla

257-297
Rab Huna
Chairman of Sura

after 309 Founding of Pumbedita, the cradle of the Babylonian Talmud
320 Death of Rab Nachman

338-352 RABA
Chairman of Pumbedita
352 Raba's death

V. and VI generation of BAbylonian Amora'im

Traditions of
the Gospels
and of "Acts"

Tra-
ditions -
in Talmud
"

R. Yochanan's teachings become the foundation of the Palestinian Talmud

Traditions
and
Discussions
in
the
Gemara

400
Editing of Palestinian Talmud
by
R. Yose ben
R. Abbin

Paul's Letters

Josephus:
"The Jewish War"
Editing of the
Gospels
Mark, Matthew, Luke

Editing of the
Hebrew Bible

The 18 quest prayer (=
secretion of Christians)

220 Edition of the Mishna by RABBI

Edition of the Tosephta?

Halakhic
Midrash collections:
Mechilta,
Mechilta de-Rashbi
Sifra Leviticus
Sifre Numeri
Sifre Deuteronomy
Midrash Tanna'im

Midrash Genesis Raba?
Midrash Echa Raba?

525 Babylonian Talmud

New
Testa-
ment

Qumran

Litera-

ture

com

piled

as

Mishna,

Talmud

Midrash